Pelican Facts

Pelican Facts There are eight living types of pelicans (Pelecanus species) on our planet, which are all water feathered creatures and water carnivores that feed on live fish in beach front areas as well as inside lakes and streams. The most widely recognized in the United States are the earthy colored pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) and the Great White (P. anocratalus). Pelicans are individuals from Pelecaniformes, a gathering of winged creatures that likewise incorporates the blue-footed booby, tropicbirds, cormorants, gannets, and the extraordinary frigate flying creature. Pelicans and their family members have webbed feet and are all around adjusted to getting fish, their essential food source. Numerous species jump or swim submerged to catch their prey. Quick Facts: Pelicans Logical Name: Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, P. occidentalis, P. thagus, P. onocrotalu, P. conspicullatus, P. rufescens, P. crispus, and P.philippensisCommon Names: American white pelican, earthy colored pelican, Peruvian pelican, incredible white pelican, Australian pelican, pink-upheld pelican, Dalmatian pelican and spot-charged pelicanBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: Length: 4.3â€6.2 feet; wingspan: 6.6-11.2 feetWeight: 8â€26 poundsLifespan: 15â€25 years in the wildDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Found on all landmasses aside from Antarctica, close to coastlines or enormous inland waterwaysPopulation: Estimates just accessible for two close compromised species: Spot-charged, (8700â€12,000) and Dalmation (11,400â€13,400)Conservation Status: Dalmatian, spot-charged, and Peruvian pelicans are classed as Near-Threatened; every single other specie are Least Concern Portrayal All pelicans have two webbed feet with four toes, which are all associated by the web (known as the totipalmate foot). Every one of them have huge bills with a conspicuous gular pocket (throat pocket) which they use for getting fish and depleting water. Gular sacs are additionally utilized for mating presentations and controlling internal heat level. Pelicans have enormous wingspans-some more than 11 feet-and are experts noticeable all around and on the water.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/V3TlvjXNa03EOaz8nivtmbEGseQ=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NnZS3cO23-y-F7MScYOKN5FLXPk=/1068x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg 1068w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/OTQI5rg9p6Dg0r0RYDs8EcSL_RA=/1836x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg 1836w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/vTt9wkx66EfuCuOXzrMQCCkivPg=/3373x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg 3373w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hLIs6MBPmOQKTEfWM2NivtBwMPA=/3373x2249/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg src=//:0 alt=Great White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-6 information following container=true /> An extraordinary white pelican utilizes its gular pocket to catch a fish. Michael Allen Siebold/Getty Images Environment and Distributionâ Pelicans are found on the entirety of the mainlands of the world with the exception of Antarctica. DNA contemplates have indicated that pelicans can be assembled into three branches: Old World (spot-charged, pink-upheld, and Australian pelicans), New World (earthy colored, American White, and Peruvian); and the Great White. The American white is confined to inside pieces of Canada; the earthy colored pelican is found along the western coast and Florida shorelines of the United States and northern South America. The Peruvian pelican sticks to the Pacific coastlines of Peru and Chile. They are fish eaters that flourish close to streams, lakes, deltas, and estuaries; some are limited to waterfront locales while others run close to enormous inside lakes.â Diet and Behaviorâ All pelicans eat fish, and they chase for them independently or in gatherings. They gather up fish in their noses and afterward channel the water from their pockets before gulping their prey-which is when gulls and terns endeavor to take the fish from their mouths. They can likewise jump into the water at extraordinary speed to catch their prey. A portion of the pelicans move huge separations, others are generally sedentary.â Pelicans are social animals who home in provinces, some of the time upwards of thousands of sets. The biggest of the species-the biggest ones, Great White, American White, Australian, and Dalmation-construct settles on the ground while the littler ones home in trees or bushes or on precipice edges. The homes differ in size and complexity.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Nd469FnJxnu2zajm3F7-vIcrX1A=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-jumping for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/yUCXFS6J2SREEtBlj0brudYKuQA=/1473x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-plunging for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg 1473w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/m6P91i_ObWHhpTxfBCZzdINUpRI=/2646x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-jumping for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg 2646w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/EkQ5tRkXNXDFTqKuy2eQav30ViE=/4993x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-plunging for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg 4993w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/q5-A7xdGHyKincR_wzEEw7T_VxQ=/4993x3328/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-jumping for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg src=//:0 alt=Pelicans Diving for fish class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-17 information following container=true /> Pelicans Diving for fish. Jean-Yves Bruel/Getty Images Proliferation and Offspringâ Pelican rearing timetables shift with the species. Reproducing may happen every year or at regular intervals; some happen in explicit seasons or happen all year. The eggs change in tinge by species from powdery white to ruddy to light green or blue. Mother pelicans lay eggs in grips that fluctuate with the species, from one to six on the double; and the eggs hatch for a period somewhere in the range of 24 and 57 days.â The two guardians play a job in taking care of and tending the chicks, taking care of them spewed fish. Huge numbers of the species have post-juvenile consideration that can keep going up to year and a half. Pelicans take somewhere in the range of three and five years to arrive at sexual maturity.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xL8Dd6V6Et9tcKmQNloH6FkKMZQ=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-upheld pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/vBC9Vp3XeD4BNKYNnE74PeM_vfs=/1509x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-supported pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg 1509w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3R6PErQcT_9atYR4HW6_po3XXhc=/2718x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-sponsored pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg 2718w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/iXRT3ZRyMq92QVpIWx0zSxXAqdg=/5138x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-sponsored pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg 5138w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/6dBD4rjueI-7ac2d081qDFohjIY=/5138x3425/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-upheld pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg src=//:0 alt=Pink-upheld Pelicans (Pelecanus rufescens) landing, Okavango Delta, Botswana class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-23 information following container=true /> Pink-upheld Pelican (Pelecanus rufescens) can be found in Okavango Delta, Botswana. Dave Hamman/Getty Images Protection Statusâ The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) considers most pelican types of least concern. Populace gauges are accessible for two close compromised species: In 2018, the spot-charged pelican was evaluated by the IUCN as somewhere in the range of 8700 and 12,000 people), and the Dalmatian pelican at between 11,400 and13,400. Presently, the American white and Peruvian are known to be expanding in populace while the spot-charged and Dalmatian are diminishing, and the Australian and pink-upheld are steady. The Great White Pelican has not been checked as of late. Albeit earthy colored pelicans were recorded as jeopardized during the 1970s and 1980s in light of pesticides that had entered their natural pecking orders, the populaces have recuperated and they are not, at this point thought about imperiled. Developmental History The eight living pelicans have a place with the request Pelecaniformes. Individuals from the Order Pelecaniformes incorporate pelicans, tropicbirds, boobies, darters, gannets, cormorants, and frigate feathered creatures. There are six families and around 65 species in the Order Pelecaniformes. Early Pelecaniformes showed up during the finish of the Cretaceous time frame. There is some contention whether Pelecaniformes all offer regular drop. Ongoing investigations propose that some common attributes among the different pelecaniform subgroups are the aftereffect of concurrent development. Sources Earthy colored pelican. National Wildlife Federation, Wildlife Guide, Birds.Pelicans. IUCN Red List. Kennedy, Martyn, Hamish G. Spencer, and Russell D.

Psychiatry, self harm risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychiatry, self damage chance - Essay Example ose to cut their wrists or plan something comparable for facilitate their agony or even to feel invigorated by detecting the torment, or they decide to extreme and deadly alternative to end it all. One of such a large number of instances of self mischief individuals cause to themselves is of a multi year old individual, Mr. A, who has Downs disorder and whose working showed insight in the scope of mellow impediment. He lived with a strong family and went to a professional program. He had not history of smoking, nor did he get any abnormal drugs. So also, he hasnt experienced any strange clinical methodology or any medical procedures, and his clinical history was extremely conventional. In the beginning times of his immaturity, he drew nearer non-handicapped young ladies for dates and was consistently dismissed. Accordingly, he offered self-destructive expressions and signals, one of which was to consume himself with a cigarette lighter he took from his mom without her insight. At 26 years old, in the wake of being dismissed by and by, he hopped from a second story window, yet wasnt harmed seriously. His family detailed that he experienced been unsettled and experiencing issues to rest in the months past to the episode, and staff at the professional program revealed disturbance and ineffectiveness at work. He was sent to a mental assessment. In his apperception test, he portrayed sentiments of trouble, tiredness, disappointment and sadness, with considerations of self destruction. He was alluded to mental assessment, and began psychotherapy meetings, in which he verbalized his conviction that he wouldnt have the option to have a relationship with a lady of his decision because of his having Downs disorder. He took a crack at social projects for individuals with mental impediment and hasnt made any longer self destruction endeavors since. 1 Ive seen him around four months prior, in December 24th at a professional program to which he despite everything goes. Hes been going to it for almost 10 years now, and reports that hes exceptionally content with it since it gives him apparatuses on the best way to deal with his life and capacity

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Definition Of A Neutral Question - 1633 Words

There is no such thing as a neutral question. Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge. In order to evaluate this statement, we must clearly understand what is a neutral question. A definition of a neutral question can be: A question asked in such a way that it does not imply personal opinion or bias. I assume that a true question has to be neutral. If a question reveals to be non-neutral, the objectivity that defines a question doesn’t exist anymore. It becomes a statement or a judgement with a question make-up. To develop the evaluation of this statement, we have to figure out what are the conditions for a question to be neutral. The point of a question is to request knowledge or information; it gives control over the direction taken to fill in the request. One could argue that the initial choice of what question is asked, in itself, is a form of bias and on those grounds, neutrality is impossible any time there is a question. 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The Unexposed Secret of College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples

The Unexposed Secret of College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples There are plenty of sources from where it is possible to gather information on your subjects but be sure that you always go with facts. You should research the selected topic and discover facts to contradict your first thesis. By doing this you can find a far better pictures of the essay which you ought to write about. On the 1 hand, it's possible to divide the compared subjects and go over the descriptive details in separated paragraphs. Before you begin, it is essential to choose topics which you really know well. In the majority of instances, the topics you select should be closely related. The topics you'll find here require an exceptional approach as you attempt to think of useful and accurate content. Lucky for you, there are several topics you could concentrate on when writing and it's all your responsibility to figure out the precise topic that you would like to build on. School is mandatory and absolutely free of charge. Students may choose to take just a couple of semesters to acquire a certificate in a particular field like nursing, welding, or surgical technology. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. They can typically understand the structure with just a short amount of instruction. The Downside Risk of College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples The very first thing you ought to do is identify the form of compare and contrast essay which you're handling. There are a couple things that help make a superior comparison and contrast essay. To begin with, you must discover a basis of comparison to be sure the 2 things have enough in common. There are two common methods to compose the composition. When making comparisons or contrasts, it's vital to be clear what criteria you're using. If you'll write a comparative essay, you will need to get a notion of the impacts of unique aspects to the result which you can get at the conclusion of the writing activity. When you receive the title and aspects to compare but without a definite number of criteria to cover similarities and differences, you've got to brainstorm. When you begin brainstorming and researching the subject, the odds are high you'll discover a wide collection of differences and similarities. Discuss famous folks who have an influence on the life of humanity. The majority of the folks discover that it's tricky to differentiate a frog from a toad. For example an individual may select a topic like, life in the shoes of a werewolf. Therefore, without the suitable guidance, young women and men wind up destroying their fruitful lives. College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. After you have read our helpful on-line article, we'd like to provide something you couldn't even imagine. The choice of the topic ought to be based on your interest because it's essential that you maintain your interest throughout the technology essays writing. On-line assistance from expert writers will help you save you a plenty of time. The Appeal of College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples There are lots more ways, however, in which high school and college are extremely different. High school and college are alike in a lot of ways. On the other hand, it is a choice. Community colleges are way more affordable. Before writing a comparative essay, you should first arm yourself with the data that you want. Writing tips will allow you to organize the outline and compose the essay. When it has to do with writing an essay, you should pay attention to details. Writing an excellent essay might be a bit o f cake if you're feeling inspired. You also know how to come across sources and the very best kind to utilize in your paper to ensure it is relevant and interesting. The movie is a blend of interviews, archive footage. Compare and contrast essay is widely utilized in many different types of writing assignments. Don't make your paper biased. If you don't, read how to compose a compare and contrast essay. A compare and contrast essay is supposed to demonstrate the reader the similarities between at least two subjects.

The Throw-Away Society Free Essays

The throw-away society From lumpish walkman to handy ipod, from family traditional wedding dress to one-time use paper gown, our society witnesses the globally social revolution of throwing away. Quantity replaces quality and hence becomes the buzzword of the new world. But looking forward and in retrospect, do we really should flood in the throw-away fashion upon which our attitude towards man-made things has altered so much? And what on earth do we throw away? When we throw away the no-more-need things and replenish our refrigerators and wardrobes, we throw away resources. We will write a custom essay sample on The Throw-Away Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now No matter they are patches of fabric to make a new scarf or tons of steel to produce new cars, all of them come from the valuable resources of which the stock depletes severely day by day. News and reports broadcast how scarce our natural resources are becoming, but people still throw away. Few of them have realized that the process of throwing away is the exact procedure to turn resources towards garbages. Furthermore, it is also sometimes too obscure to be noticed that throwing away products also incurs throwing away good memories. A doll you had when you were a little girl would always prompt you the innocent and sweet childhood; an umbrella you used for 4 years in the campus would always remind you of the fresh and brisk university life. When all these similar reminders become less and less, that particular period of life would be more likely to be locked somewhere in your mind, not so easy to be touched again any more. Admittedly, the throw-away society gives us so many choices among which we are prone to be less picky but also more emotionless. We seldom keep a dress for 10 years like our mothers do since all the new styles have emerged and we have so many chances to choose a more delicate one. When we discard the old one, we don’t feel a tiny bit mercy; when we welcome the new one, we don’t sense the joy that much either. It’s believed today that the whole world, material or non-material, is formulated this way, easy and convenient; thus we tend to be less reminiscent of the unforgettable birthday party while we were attired with that particular dress. The dress is still the original one, but the connotation of the dress has changed through your life, for it has been a witness to your growth, your maturity, tear and laughter, ups and downs. The longer you keep it, the more it becomes part of yourself. So many people nowadays complain that they are lost somewhere in their life and they feel onfused and puzzled to forge ahead. It’s a paradox that people want to sustain a whole self but still discard part of himself. Living in the throw-away society, what people eventually throw away is the real self, subconsciously and accidentally. It’s a trend that we will continue throwing away, as it seems to be destined. But during this inexorable process, more reflections are bound to elaborat e and expand on it since we all despise to see a world with complete trash but desperate ourselves. How to cite The Throw-Away Society, Papers

Marketing Report BlackBerry

Executive Summary The BlackBerry series of phones are made by the Research in Motion (RIM). The BlackBerry phones target the business and professional people as their features made it possible for the owners to carry out a good number of office function through the devices. The BlackBerry phones have a strong presence in the market, and therefore, they are widely popularly.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Report: BlackBerry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though RIM has been locked in court over infringing a number of patents, its technology is still away ahead of its rivals, and therefore, it still enjoys market popularity. RIM carried out aggressive marketing on behalf of the BlackBerry phones. The pricing of the BlackBerry phones are dependent on the level of technology of a particular BlackBerry phone. In order for RIM to continue enjoying its popularity in the market, it will have to continuously adjust its phone prices in proportion to the value and technology level of the phones. RIM also needs to be at the top of the game in relation to the issues touching phone technology. Introduction There have been many innovative solutions for wireless communications that have been evolving in the recent years. Mobile phones have been considered one of the sectors that have witnessed numerous inventions where state of the art technologies are under constant implementations in the handsets that are manufactured by popular mobile phones manufactures. This paper provides an environmental scan for Research in Motion (RIM) which is the company under which the BlackBerry portfolio falls and its associated services. The paper will define the market structure of BlackBerry and a detailed analysis of the marketing mix or programs and macro-environment trends as well as their effect on the competitive analysis of the product and their demand and market segmentation. Project Scope This project is mainly theoretical and will seek to evaluate the marketing program of BlackBerry. The report examines BlackBerry’s macro and competitive environment, its marketing program elements which it employs and the recommendations which can enhance its popularity. An analysis of the marketing environment of Blackberry based on the five porter’s forces is also included together with the SWOT analysis. The life cycle of the product is also given. A critical response to the Introduction Analysis of Product Brand and Macro-environment Trends Product Brand BlackBerry is one of the mobile phones that have created a phenomenal brand in the mobile phone market. BlackBerry phones are well-known for their sleek look, design and style with other features. With BlackBerry, an individual can access email, data-transfer services and web serving.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I n basic terms, BlackBerry handsets are just camera phones with the various functions that are required and are used by people of business class. Traditionally, it was launched and meant for the high class and the rich people but from its transformation and quality, some phones of BlackBerry brand are available for people of average class (Sweeny, 2009). This has provided tough competition to its business competitors and other established players in the market. Players like Nokia, Sony Erickson and Motorola have developed better quality devices, but they have not reached or matched the feat of BlackBerry. There are various types of BlackBerry phone models that have been introduced into the market. BlackBerry 7130G and BlackBerry pearl 8100 are the best and the most selling BlackBerry models in the international mobile phones’ market. The introduction of camera phones has been in high demand in the United Kingdom market. BlackBerry was considered as a business phone and its int roduction into the global market in 1999 confirmed this expectation because it built a strong presence in the mobile phone industry within the short period of time. The success of BlackBerry was attributed to three main features: Technology looks and innovativeness and a lot of attention have been placed to strengthen these factors which have led to the launch of revolutionary mobile phone devices that attract the rich and the high-class segment of the population (Dictionary, 2012, p. 1). Macro-environment Trends (Pestel Analysis) Economic Environment: there has been varied opinion as to whether the UK has emerged from the economic recession but the fact that the world stock markets have improved and that the earnings of many companies have improved are indications that the economy is growing. This will be reflected in the markets share and the sales of BlackBerry phones (Scribd, 2011, p. 6). Social Environment: this includes the greening of technology, security threats and educatio n level of the workforce. The pressure to create eco-friendly products has been both a legal and social issue, and it is likely to heighten due to consumer awareness on environmental pressures.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Report: BlackBerry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lobby groups have stressed the role of electronic companies to clean up their acts due to the toxic nature of their components. On security threats, viruses and others malicious files and spy ware have a lot of social impact. Cyber criminals have taken advantage of the lee way that has been created by technological developments of BlackBerry. Consequently, regarding the education of the workforce, UK has higher transition of students from elementary and secondary education into tertiary and higher education. This has the net effect of creating a more educated workforce and also because smart phone customers are the educated clas s, the market of the product is likely to increase (Sweeny, 2009, p. 4). Technological Environment: Among the technological factors to be analyzed are mobile convergence, mobile payment technologies, the internet on the go and the diminishing of non-smart phones. Mobile phones are slowly growing as gadgets of electronic needs, and they are replacing newspapers and television since people are able to access information anytime. Non-smart phones are slowly and naturally getting out of market; they will be phased out completely by the mass introduction of smart phones. The internet on the norm is becoming a norm in BlackBerry, and it is projected to increase in the near years. It is projected that the number of mobile phones that will be used to access the internet will exceed the PCs. There have been also a lot of debates regarding the destination and the trend taken by mobile phones money payment, others have projected that it will grow steadily while others are skeptical. The conven ience of using mobile phones to purchasing goods, paying bills and purchasing of digital items represents the new age of mobile convenience (Bikowski, Bryant, Crossin, Dillon, Giles, Lawson, McConville, 2009, p. 9). Environmental Aspect: Environmental aspect has a lot of impact on the mobile phone industry because manufacturers have to comply with various environmental standards. RIM has in several cases ensured that their manufacturing is fair and eco friendly because any environmental mishap can destroy the image of the company in the global market. Legal Issues: The operations of the company are secure, and it is very difficult to monitor or regulate, and this has made various regulatory bodies to contemplate banning its operations, which will impact on its business operations. Rim is also experiencing legal battles with various companies like Visto, and Motorola and these have had implications on the operations of the company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More RIM has also been locked in court battle with Minerva industries, which has accused it of infringing on its patent; MSTG has also filed a case of the same nature. All these have impacted on the performance of the company since settling legal issues is expensive. Political Climate: The political environment in the UK has made the Smartphone industry to flourish, and BlackBerry is a beneficiary of this favorable political environment, and it is estimated that smart phones will overtake the feature phones by 2015. The main challenge is the situation where some countries have raised concerns about the security features of BlackBerry, which emerges from the fact that it has become very hard for government authorities to monitor operations of BlackBerry phone users. There is also the political concern where UK with other EU countries has imposed strong regulations regarding the hygiene and the safety standards for various manufacturers who have negatively impacted on the operations of RIM (Scribd, 2012, p. 1). Perceptual Map Perceptual map is a demonstration of attributes that influence the consumer decision making which are later considered as focal points when designing the product or in the making of advertising decisions. Perceptual map indicates the strength of the firm’s brand and the features of the mobile phone that make it score and gain preference in the mind of consumers. The perceptual market map of BlackBerry phone (Mohr, Sengupta, Slater, 2009, p. 255) is as demonstrated below: Competitive Environment The established competitors in the Smartphone market include apple, Samsung, Motorola, Nokia and LG. The competitive environment of Blackberry is an intense one because of its launch of new products and new brands from the already established ones. What enhances the competitiveness of blackberry form its competitors is its development of black messenger that allows all the users with Blackberry to message each other all over the world without any charge. Rapid advertisements are also another strategy that allows Blackberry to survive in the very competitive environment hence giving it commercial advantage. A reflection on Loop 1 Marketing Programs or Elements: Marketing mix Elements Employed Marketing mix is a term that is used to describe all set of activities that make up the marketing programs of a firm. Among the various elements of a marketing mix are: place, product, people, process, physical evidence, promotion and price. Marketing mix is also considered to be the tools that are used to position the product into the target market. Product The RIM has brought a revolution into the mobile phone markets through the introduction of BlackBerry Smartphone. This was aimed at enhancing the depth of their products through the introduction of BlackBerry into their product line by creating a multimedia device that can satisfy the needs of their consumers. By enhancing the features of a Smartphone and the ultimate redesigning of BlackBerry, it is projected that it will attract a lot of customers and to dominate the mobile phone global market. Customer decisions are based on the understanding of the product in the market; product offering is not the only thing but is considered as a total package of benefits that are obtained by customers. The product is analyzed from the perspective of customer value, which is in turn analyzed based on the following aspect of BlackBerry mobile phones: their physical product and shape, the design style of the mobile phone, its brand name, the reputation of the company, convenience of the company’s operation and its financial plans. The analysis of the product under marketing mix deals with the design, features, packaging, variation and brand quality and quantity. For a product to occupy a distinct place in the market, it should differentiate itself from that of its competitors. This can only be achieved by positioning the product in such a manner that the customers c an be able to perceive the product differently. Any element of the marketing mix can be used to realize a differentiated positioning. The RIM entity sells their products to the entire customers, but their distribution options may vary based on the market segment (OECD, 1997, p.12). Price Price is understood to be the value of money that is attached to particular product. It is through price the consumers can get to understand about the value of the product, its quality and status. The degree of price is determined by either demand or cost. The reference point of the pricing of BlackBerry will be pegged on that of its competitors. For those consumers who desire satellite services; there will be a predetermined additional charge that will be added. Price factors in all the relevant costs of producing the product form the factory to the distributor and then the profit margin in included. Price is the sole determinant of demand of goods. Place Place is marketing program that touches on the channels of marketing, which are the mechanism with which the companies venture into the market and expose their physical presences in commercial activities regarding the mobile phone products. Distribution of the product into the market can be both direct and indirect. Middlemen or third parties are considered reliable for distribution of the products and the best way of having them is to contract them. Distribution is the main channel of actualizing product availability in the market. BlackBerry products can be distributed through their dealers, global service carriers, BlackBerry promotional websites and agents. Promotion RIM communicates the utilities and the benefits of BlackBerry to its consumers by the use of tailored advertisement campaigns, viral marketing, internet marketing, offering exclusive offers to current and prospective customers and using social media channels (Gowda, Szabo, Choi, Hauk Salt, 2009, p. 9). Process This is the primary element of marketing that i s instrumental in the allocation of resources, identification of opportunities and crafting of development strategies. RIM has proper mechanism that facilitates the handling of complaints and identifying the customer needs. The RIM Company has a well-planned process that defines how the customers receive their services and access the goods and for feedback mechanisms. Physical Evidence Research in Motion has opted to provide offers to elicit excitement form the customers about the BlackBerry product; RIM also guarantees warranty and has provisions for after-sale services as a show of support and care for their products and the customers. This will also make the customers to develop a better picture about the RIM products. People Research in Motion trains its employees on tactics of being customer centered to enable them to build good attitudes when dealing with the customers. They also employ people form the host country because they know the habits and the preferences of the native customers (Lamb Hair, 2009, p.47). SWOT Analysis Strengths Blackberry has managed to keep the UK consumers to be conscious about their products. Their strength is due to their market share that exclusively comes form the business world and other IT professionals. From an IT perspective, no competitor has managed to emulate the Blackberry Enterprise server that is only excusive to the Blackberry phone. Blackberry has attempted to garner an expansive market by upgrading the looks and the appeal of their products to attract more customers. Weaknesses RIM depends on business operators to launch its Blackberry services, this is time consuming and the costs can be high for smaller operators. Their Network operating centre can be considered to be a weakness today. Another weakness is also the high costs of ownership since it has been considered to be high end product and hence costs effective. Opportunities One of the greatest opportunities lies in the Blackberry partners that help creat e downloadable applications form independent company. Blackberry had been slow in venturing this market which had been dominated by Apples iPhone and by embracing this it will be able top embrace the widely growing market. Threats With the production of Smartphone by other electronic manufacturers like Nokia, LG and Samsung, Blackberry is facing a lot of threats particularly due to its weakness the web interface (Lion Green, 2006, p. 2). Porters Five Forces Threat of entry: among the threats of entry is huge capital demand like manufacturing costs and the constants for rapid innovations and high costs that may be aimed to driving profits high. Supplier power: there are various sources of mobile operating system providers and hence plenty of options. This has the effect of lowering the bargaining power of software providers. The same scenario applies to the hardware providers. Substitute: the influence of substitute is a reasonable level and proportionally varies with similar goods. Other formidable substitutes are PDA and table PCs are viable substitute. Buyer power: there is a high bargaining power of the buyers due to the choice of the products with limited differentiation. There is also an elastic demand which is sensitive to the economy where buyers can delay the buying of new models. Rivalry: there is a high rivalry in the smart phone market because there is minimal product differentiation which is only based on the services offered and the applications. The exit barriers are low for manufacturers particularly those on the value chain. Complements: complements are considered to be critical to the development of a product and have a low or rather moderate bargaining power. This can be subsidized by increasing the network capabilities. Its complements are Maps and GPS, applications and e-mail (Lion Green, 2006, p. 1). Product Life Cycle This consists of the five main aspects which included product development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. T his is illustrated in the following chart. In the chart, the red graph is adopted to explain the life cycle of Blackberry. At present, the Blackberry is entered the maturity phase. The introduction phase was carried out in 1997 to 1998. At this time, Blackberry was the only smart phone and therefore it registered a rapid growth as it provided a ready solution to corporate clients. Private users have also joined the client base. Introduction phase can be said to have stretched from 1998 to 2004/2005. RIM registered huge success from 2005 to 2011. Due to the many entrants into the Smartphone arena, Blackberry has been forced to enter the mature stage. General and Justified Recommendations The desire to make sales and derive a lot of profits from it is the primary objective of several firms, and the amount of profits from the revenue base of the organization. Due to the fact that is the main component of marketing mix, companies may be tempted to utilize it in gaining competitive edge over their rivals. Blackberry has applied strategies such as increasing the quality of their products, creating good consumer relationships and performing consumer education regarding their products in order to meet the price demand of its competitors. In the modern competitive environment, the mobile phones’ market has grown to be one of the consumer oriented and one driven by products. With the changing trends in shopping patterns and customer behavior, mobile phone investors, services providers and manufacturers need to place a lot of focus on multi-marketing approach in order to increase their sales and profits. Customers have been fed up with the common and popular mobile phones brands hence there is a need for the players to enhance their technological tactics. In order to enhance their profitability, there is a need for a consumer-oriented marketing strategy that can preempt the marketing strategies of its competitors. In order to successfully increase their profits, RIM, should adopt balance between marketing and pricing. Pricing Strategy Pricing of BlackBerry is one of the delicate matters. It has been established that business owners and executives are reluctant to pay more for a gadget that lacks clear impression of how it will enhance their business. The strategy of pricing is a critical element because it concerns the positioning of the product in the market the level of pricing is dictated by such elements as the phone features, advertisements and channels decisions. An efficient and effective strategy of pricing can emanate from the following processes namely the development of a marketing strategy, undertaking the calculation of costs and making relevant marketing mix decisions. Marketers make the prices of their products in a way that is likely to receive a fair value because price is considered a parameter under which the customers rate the product, and it can be also used to reflect on the practices of particular organizations. Care should be taken, and mechanisms of cost should be applied in determining the price of BlackBerry. BlackBerry is a customized product and therefore, has a competitive edge over its rival products because no product can act as its perfect substitute. The better pricing of BlackBerry will create the impression that it is a sophisticated product and different from other mobile phone gadgets (Mobile Beacon, 2011, p. 1). Marketing Strategy Increasing their marketing development strategy encompasses the offering of BlackBerry phones and devices in the market segment where their competitors dominate. This can also be enhanced by co branding using popular and established software companies. There is also need for the introduction of an effective and efficient customer care centre for their green marketing initiative and software matters. There is also the adoption of market development strategy that will enable BlackBerry to reach to other new or potential markets. There is a massive untappe d market for Smartphone particular the lower cadre social class which can be a ready and lucrative market for the RIM thus the introduction of BlackBerry at a cheaper or affordable price or in various price points is considered to be profitable. BlackBerry or RIM should adopt the principle that with the introduction of new models of the phone, the old ones can be sold at discounted prices. There is also need for BlackBerry to, manufacture blackberries that have similar sleek look but with few features so as to increase the depth of their products and to be able to capture the middle-class population and students or teenagers. BlackBerry should also employ market penetration strategy that will increase their revenue base and enable them to attract new customers. This can be realized through enhanced sales promotion and advertisements; they can, for instance, provide their existing customers and especially family members or their children with discount since they can form part of the potential market (Bikowski, Bryant, Crossin, Dillon, Giles, Lawson, McConville, 2009, p. 3). There is a need for BlackBerry to be marketing through the application of Robust marketing strategy that is aimed at increasing the market share of the company. One of the means of increasing the market share is through advertisements by used of newspapers, magazines, business journals and in business news and channels; these advertisements should deliver the nutshell of the exclusive features of BlackBerry while excluding the pricing to avoid the mental set among customers that it is expensive. For the company to increase its market size and profitability, good marketing strategies and marketing planning are essential. It is important for Research in Motion to write down a perfect marketing plan while examining the business environment. A good marketing plan should contain current and potential marketing focal points to exploit (Silk, 2006, 19). Good marketing strategies endear the products to the market and have the net effect of enhancing the volume of sales. The marketing manager should place a lot of focus on the resources of the organization like costs of production, the brand image, employee capability, available technology and financial resources. Analysis of marketing environment is necessary since they directly affect the organization or might hinder the implementation of the organizations’ marketing plan. This is referred as environmental scanning, and it serves to identify the market threats and the opportunities that are necessary in the designing of the market strategy. In the UK markets, the brand and product name is very important in terms of the brand image, and all that accompany it. In the case of BlackBerry for example, the brand image begins from the technological design of the phones, and the features that the phone has and also its maintenance costs and the safety standard as well as the way it is presented in advertisement and sales promo tions (Lamb Hair, 2009, p.34). Appendix Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2011/aug/01/smartphone-stats-2011) Figure 4 Figure 5 References Bikowski, A., Bryant, S., Crossin, S., Dillon, J., Giles, K., Lawson, T McConville, D 2009, Research In Motion: Case Study Report, Zen Portfolios, Available from: http://zenportfolios.com/theresa/files/2009/11/mktg-RIM-case.pdf. [22 January 2012]. Dictionary 2012, BlackBerry Phones: Doing Business in a Style, Street Directory, Available from: http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/131478/BlackBerry/BlackBerry_phones_doing_business_in_a_style.html. [22 January 2012]. Gowda, N., Szabo, C., Choi, Y., Hauk, C Salt, G 2009, BlackBerry’s Rise in Brand Power, Zen Portfolios, Available from: http://zenportfolios.com/natashagowda/files/2009/10/BlackBerry-vs.-Apple-MKTG-1102-Case-1.pdf. [22 January 2012]. Lamb, C Hair, J 2009, Essentials of marketing (6th ed.), South-Western, Mason, OH. Lion, E Green, J 2006, RIM in the mobile enterprise market, BlackBerry, Available from: http://www.blackberry.com/select/get_the_facts/pdfs/vendor/OVUM_RIM_in_the_mobile_enterprise_market.pdf. [22 January 2012]. Mobile Beacon 2011, Why doesn’t RIM pay a dividend to boost share price? Mobile Beacon, Available from: http://mobilebeacon.com/blog/. [22 January 2012]. Mohr, J., Sengupta, S Slater, S 2009, Marketing of High-Technology Products and Innovations, Jakki Mohr publishers, Missoula, MT. Scribd 2011, PESTEL analysis of BlackBerry: Research In Motion limited; BlackBerry, Scribd, Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/52280203/Pest-Analysis-For-Rim. [22 January 2012]. Scribd 2012, Environmental scan: Research in Motion, Scribd, Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/56244269/Term-Paper1-BlackBerry. [22 January 2012]. Silk, A 2006, What is marketing?, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass. Sweeny, A 2009, BlackBerry Planet: the story of Research in Motion and the little device that took the world by storm, John Willy and Sons, New York, NY. This report on Marketing Report: BlackBerry was written and submitted by user Dayton Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

20 Topics for a Thesis on the History of American Business

20 Topics for a Thesis on the History of American Business In the previous guide, we discussed 10 facts for a thesis on the history of American business. It provided you with an adequate amount of information on the subject, thus laying a solid foundation for your thesis statement. In our second guide, 20 Topics for a Thesis on the history of American business, we discuss 20 relevant topics you can take inspiration from to start writing your thesis statement. We have also included a sample essay at the end that would aid you in better understanding how a thesis statement is written. We highly recommend you go through our third and final guide, how to write a thesis on the history of American business, right after reading this one. Even if you know how to write a thesis statement, reading this guide would nicely polish off your current knowledge and allow you to write even more flawlessly. Without further ado, here are 20 Topics on the history of American business: How the Vision of an Industrial Nation Became a Reality in the 1790s. The Initiative of a Privately Owned Bank in the United States that Provided a Uniform Financial System for 13 States The Bank War of 1832 and How it Led to the Destruction of the Second Bank of the United States The Importance of Railroads in America and How it Led to American businesses Sprouting in Five Dimensions The Transformation of Retail, Wholesale, Manufacturing, Finance and Agriculture Economy Due to a Highly Efficient Network of Shipping Freight and Passengers How Railroads were Able to Finance the Private Financial System When the Construction of Railroads Was Too Expensive than Canals or Factories How Railroads Helped Design a Complex Managerial System that Allowed the Local Factory Owners to be More Productive and to Do More in Less Time The Evolution of Retirement: Rise of the American Pension System to Discourage Employees from Leaving Love-Hate Relationship with the Railroads: The Empowering Realization that Everyone Could Buy a Ticket for a Thousand-Mile Trip How Railroads Helped Unify, Dignify, Expand and Enrich the Nation of America How Railroads Become a Part of Public Celebrations of Republicanism The Era of a Cheaper, Easier and More Common Traveling System in America that Changed the Entire Course of American Business and its History Love-Hate Railroads Relationship: Why Poets and Novelists Fretted Over How Railroads Would Destroy the American Landscape The Dominators of Rural America before the post-1910 Dawn of the Automobile Why Rural General Stores and Itinerant Peddlers Were the Main Sources of Supply How Retail in Towns and Small Cities Become a Success and How it Appealed to the Middle-Class Women (Better Educated) Who Did Most of the Shopping The Era of Big City Department Stores: How Alexander T. Stewart Became the Founding Father of Big Department Stores that Sold Everything from Dress Goods to Toys and Sports Equipment Self-Service: An Early 20th Century Innovation which Flourished Supermarket Grocery Chains and Other Varieties of Chain Stores How Advertising on American Soil Became a Successful Marketing Regimen to Promote Businesses The Golden Age of Black Businesses: Role of The National Negro Business League in Promoting Black Business Perfect! Now you have 20 topics to choose from and you can start writing your own thesis statement based on any one of them. Read on to the sample essay below that would serve as your eyes and ears during the thesis writing process. We have chosen a topic from above to help you get accustomed to writing a thesis statement. Here it is: Sample Thesis: The Importance of Railroads in America and How it Led to American Businesses Sprouting in Five Dimensions The railroad industry became a pioneer in helping American businesses thrive and flourish. In fact, it was so significant that it had a dramatic large-scale impact on American businesses in five dimensions. In my opinion, the railroads were the founding fathers of the American business we see today ― from automobiles to consumer products, everything came into fruition due to the dawn of railroads in America. Railroads provided an excellent network of freight and passenger shipments across a big national market. This led to a major carryover effect on major some sections of the economy such as but not limited to: manufacturing, finance, agriculture, wholesale and retail. Due to the addition of telegraphs, the national market of the United States became as big as the Europe’s market, which was supported by one common, unified financial, language and legal system. Railroads were also behind the materialization of private financial systems which paved the way for investments coming from private investors. Over the course of several years, total railroad bones and stocks went from $1.8 billion to $10.6 billion, whereas the total debt at that time was merely $1.2 billion. New York became the dominating financial market which led to the emergence of the financial system based on these railroad bonds. Eventually, Boston officially became the first financial center in the US. Following a fatal accident, the Western Railroad of Massachusetts became the leading force in taking responsibility to place an accountability system. This allowed the dispatchers and district managers to keep an eye on all train movements. To prevent further accidents from occurring, a disciplined rulebook had to be followed by everyone, creating a much better managed environment in the railroad industry. Railroads opened opportunities for young men aged between 18 to 20 years to spend their entire lives working in the railroad industry which was both innovative and inspiring. These men first started out as workers on tracks, and in time, were promoted to an engineer position owing to their hard work and dedication. However, women who were interested in becoming a part of the railroad industry were never hired. To discourage employees from working for someone else, railroad companies invented the American pension system that promised pensions right after the employees were retired ― usually following 40 to 50 years of service. Eventually, railroads became a profound proponent of a love-hate relationship in America. Although many American societies embraced the rise of railroads and saw it as a new way to travel thousands of miles, which also seemed to empower the nation, novelists and poets thought otherwise. Railroads received a damaging blow due to the dark side of this love-hate relationship, but it also flourished exponentially due to the all the positives it brought to American society. In my opinion, railroads were the big investors in making American businesses rise and thrive. It opened career paths for young men, promised them pensions, became a pioneer in the invention of a proper railroad management system, and greatly impacted the main sectors of American economy. Even though it was the center of controversial talk between novelists and poets, it also became anodyne among American societies which did help railroads flourish. You’re just one step away from gaining complete skill and mastery over writing a flawless thesis statement for your paper. Read our final guide, how to write a thesis on the history of American business, and call it a day! References: Bray Hammond, Bank and Politics in America: From the Revolution to the Civil War (1957) David Cowen, 1791-1797 The origins and economic impact of the First Bank of the United States, (Garland Pub., 2000). Andrew Shankman, (2003) A New Thing on Earth: Alexander Hamilton, Pro-Manufacturing Republicans, and the Democratization of American Political Economy. Journal of the Early Republic 23.3 : 323-352 Dora L. Costa, 1880-1990 The evolution of retirement. in Costa, The Evolution of Retirement: An American Economic History, (U of Chicago Press, 1998), pp 6-31 Leland H. Jenks, (1944) Railroads as an economic force in American development. Journal of Economic History 4#1 : 1-20. An 1827 report shows the motivations of early boosters: Wooddy, William (1827). Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Proceedings of sundry citizens of Baltimore, convented for the Purpose of Devising the most efficient Means of Improving the Intercourse between that City and the Western States. The North American Review. Boston: Frederick T. Gray. 25 (56): 62–73. Alfred D. Chandler and Stephen Salsbury. (MIT Press, 1965) The railroads: Innovators in modern business administration. in Bruce Mazlish, ed., The Railroad and the Space Program pp 127-62

What Not to Wear on Graduation Day

What Not to Wear on Graduation Day Deciding what to wear for graduation requires more than merely picking up your cap and gown and making sure you put on the tassel correctly. You have to choose something to wear under the academic garb, too. Theres no dress code, but you dont want to wear something thats so uncomfortable you cant enjoy yourself. What you end up wearing will ultimately depend on your personal taste and the style of the time. No matter the trend, there are a few major fashion donts that you probably want to avoid, for practical purposes, once Pomp and Circumstance starts playing. Uncomfortable Footwear If you are going to buy some new shoes for graduation, make sure you break them in before graduation day. Even if they feel comfortable at first, wear them around your room or apartment for a bit. That way, you can stretch them out and make sure they really are comfortable. Shoes that youve never worn before are the height of discomfort. True, treating yourself to a new (and cute!) pair of shoes might be the special splurge you feel you deserve after your years of hard work in school. But youll likely be on your feet most, if not all, of the day. If you want a pair of shoes to help you stand out, go for bright colors that your friends and family can see beneath your graduation gown. Comfort, however, should definitely take priority, no matter if your shoes are old or new. You dont want to be hobbling around with blistered feet on a day when you should be jumping for joy. Wrong Weather Wear Nothing is worse than clothes that are inappropriate for the weather. If youre going to be graduating when its 100 F outside, dress for the occasion. You dont want to faint from heat exhaustion  or wear something that will show sweat (youll take pictures both in and out the graduation robe, too). Be smart about what the weather is and how you need to dress. Being Underdressed or Overdressed Clothes that are too formal, or not formal enough, will make you feel out of place when you should feel relaxed. Wearing jeans to your college graduation probably isnt a smart choice, but a ball gown isnt quite right, either. Aim for business or business casual for the ceremony. That means a nice dress, nice pants, nice shirt/blouse, and nice shoes. An Outfit Thats Unflattering in Photos Be careful about clothes that wont look good in pictures. If you arent sure what style to pick, going for a classic and classy look is always wise. After all, you dont want to look back at your graduation photo and wince at your wardrobe choice. Pick something nice and professional that looks good on you, which will represent you well over the years. Anything Inappropriate or That Might Get You in Trouble Youre ready for the next step, but youre still a college student for the day. Any poor decisions you make could still lead to serious consequences with the administration. Wearing clothing with an offensive slogan or putting an offensive or inappropriate message on your graduation cap might seem amusing to you, but not to the administration. Also resist the urge to go entirely nude under your robe. After everything youve done to earn your degree, dont sabotage your chance to celebrate it.

King arthur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

King arthur - Essay Example According to legend, he was the son of Uther Pendragon, king of Britain, and Ygraine of Cornwall. During his childhood, Arthur's identity was kept anonymous. Upon his maturity, he was abruptly presented to the people as their king and became a prudent and brave ruler ("Microsoft Encarta"). On the other hand, in the early Latin chronicles, Arthur is characterized as a "dux bellorum," i.e. a military leader rather than a king or emperor ("Camelot Project"). Despite the varying depiction, Arthur consistently appears as the epitome of ideal kingship ("Wikipedia"). Based on the Arthurian romances that gained popularity in the 12th century, Arthur gained the throne as he was the only one who had successfully withdrawn the Excalibur, a magical sword, from a stone. Many others attempted but failed since this act could not be accomplished apart from the "true king." This implied that Arthur was indeed the divinely appointed king and the true heir of Uther Pendragon ("Wikipedia"). He then established a court at Camelot, which is believed to be the modern Caerleon on the southern border of Wales or the great hill fort at South Cadbury in Somerset ("The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy"). At Camelot, Arthur gathered the Knights of the Round Table, which were comprised of Sir Aglova... ne; Sir Ector de Maris, son of King Ban of Benwick; Sir Florence, son of Sir Gawain; Sir Gaheris; Sir Galahad, Sir Lancelot's son and the hero of the quest for the Holy Grail; Sir Gareth; Sir Gawain, Arthur's nephew, who at some points appeared as the embodiment of knightly courtesy and bitter opponent of Lancelot; Sir Geraint; Sir Kay, Arthur's villainous foster brother; Sir Lamorak; Sir Lancelot; Sir Lucan; Sir Palamedes the Saracen; Sir Percival; Sir Tristan; and Sir Yvain, son of King Uriens of Gore (Lacy). These knights were awarded the highest order of chivalry at the court of King Arthur as narrated in the literary cycle, the Matter of Britain. According to Sir Thomas Malory, the knights abided by a set of rules called the Code of Chivalry. Provisions of this code include not committing outrage or murder; fleeing treason; not succumbing to cruelty but instead giving mercy to those who ask; helping and never forcing ladies, gentlewomen or widows; and not taking up wicked battles for love or worldly goods. Aside from Arthur and his knights, the Arthurian legend also featured notable characters such as Merlin, a powerful wizard possessing the gifts of prophesy and metamorphosis who partook in the court at Camelot and revealed the existence of the Holy Grail to Arthur, and Queen Guinevere, the wife of Arthur. Moreover, it gives an account of the knights' numerous quests, perhaps the most famous of which is the search for the Holy Grail ("Wikipedia"), and Arthur's wars and victories, which extended to the European continent where he triumphantly fought the Roman Empire forces ("Microsoft Encarta"). One of the main themes in the Arthurian legend is the downfall of Arthur's kingdom, which is primarily attributed to two reasons. In the chronicle tradition, the

BLIP Echo Planar Imaging Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BLIP Echo Planar Imaging Method - Essay Example Sampling of k-space is different in EPI that enables high quality of images acquired. EPI uses quickly switching gradients to produce its echo train as against use of RF pulses in FSE. EPI frequency encoding gradient oscillates from positive to negative to create odd and even echoes. Each read gradient echo corresponds to one k-space with the positive and negative gradients changing the direction of the line that is read. The changing of direction of the line read results in a phase ‘blip’ causing a shift in Ky and this method of phase encoding is referred to as blip EPI. Characteristics of EPI: EPI has three distinct characteristics in terms of speed, the variety of contrast and the flexibility in terms of available resolution for imaging small structures like the pituitary gland. EPI offers higher speeds (6 to 10 times) of imaging of short temporal events under motion. It provides with high image quality by collecting more averages with increased slice frequency per TR . The signal to noise ratio of the images is high and the resolution is also high. Its usefulness depends on the MR system used and the efficiency is determined by the ability to perform 1282 or 2562 in a very short time to avoid large off resonance artifacts. It means that high quality images of moving patients can be obtained by using the speed of EPI. A variety of tissue contrasts (T1, T2 and T2*) are allowed by EPI for image acquisition and small structures are imaged using the flexibility in resolution where the field view can be reduced, the echo train length can be increased or geometric distortions can be reduced to increase the resolution. Also, just half of the data of the image can be gathered that can be further synthesized through conjugation to obtain the remaining data. Flexibility in contrast can be used to produce an image similar in standards to that of an SE image with the same TE and TR by using an excitation pulse in the front part followed by a 1800 pulse (T2* dephasing) to create the first echo. EPI compared to conventional fast imaging methods: EPI uses the Blip EP method of phase encoding where each phase blip between echoes causes a shift in k-space line. Each k-space line is contributed by the gradient refocused echo and is either read positively or negatively through the gradient change. The quickly switching gradients that produce the echo train are responsible for the odd and even echoes. When the lines are read, the reversed read lines are reordered before constructing the image. Also, the rf pulse is not used to create multiple echoes as in conventional FSE. Figure 1: (a) Pulse diagram of FSE, 4 echoes and (b) pulse diagram of EPI. Source: (McMahan, 2012). Benefits in EPI: Acquiring single snap shot images is much faster (20-100 ms) using EPI when compared to conventional FSE as gradient echoes take less time as all the encoding steps are obtained after one single excitation pulse is applied. This is in contrast to the train of rf pulses applied that increases TR. Also, EPI allows flexibility in contrast that enables even small structures to be imaged very fast. Further, slice coverage is increased with EPI when compared to FSE. EPI has fewer rf pulses that result in low specific absorption rate (SAR). As SAR is low, TR is also low, resulting in more slices to be covered in the same TR as in FSE. Sensitivity to resonance effects: A disadvantage in EPI is that it is sensitive to off resonance effects of the echo gradients

Government Role in Construction Industry

Government Role in Construction Industry ECONOMICS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT JULIANA SULING ANDREW INTRODUCTION The two main parts of economic theory were typically labeled â€Å"monetary theory† and â€Å"price theory†. Monetary theory recommends that distinctive monetary strategies can advantage countries relying upon their special arrangement of assets and impediments. It is in light of center thoughts regarding how variables like the measure of the cash supply, value levels and benchmark premium rates influence the economy. Financial experts and focal keeping money powers are regularly those most included with making and executing monetary strategy. A monetary theory that fights that the price for any particular great/administration is the relationship between the powers of supply and interest. The theory of price says that the time when the advantage picked up from the individuals who request the element meets the dealers minimal expenses is the most ideal business price for the great/administration. In a nutshell, microeconomics has to do with supply and demand, and with the way they interact in various markets. Microeconomics analysis moves easily and painlessly from the one topic to another and lies at the center of the most of the recognized subfields of economics. TASK 1 There are two types of sectors involved in our construction industry; there are public sector and private sector. It is important to understand the difference between the private sector and public sector because your privacy rights will differ depending on the legislation that an organization is governed under. The private sector is typically made out of associations that are privately possessed and not some piece of the government. These as a rule incorporate enterprises (both benefit and non-benefit), organizations, and foundations. A simpler approach to think about the private sector is by considering associations that are not claimed or worked by the government. For instance, retail locations, credit unions, and neighborhood organizations will work in the private sector. The public sector is generally made out of associations that are claimed and worked by the legislature. This incorporates elected, commonplace, state, or metropolitan governments, contingent upon where you live. Protection enactment more often than not calls associations in the public sector a public body or a public power. A few illustrations of public bodies in Canada and the United Kingdom are instructive bodies, medicinal services bodies, police and jail administrations, and neighborhood and focal government bodies and their areas of expertise. Size is a vital normal for the gatherings, associations, and groups in which social conduct happens. At the point when just a couple of persons are connecting, including only one more individual may have a huge effect by the way they relate. As an association or group develops in size it is adept to experience tipping focuses where the route in which it works needs to change. The intricacy of vast groupings is halfway in light of the fact that they are comprised of interrelated subgroups. As a group gets bigger, including someone else has less impact on its attributes. A thought in any event in littler groups, however, is whether the quantity of individuals is even or odd. Doing things together is simple if each one of those included concede to what to do, or if dominant part sentiment has the capacity override protests without repulsing the objectors. A group of six or eight individuals can part into two equivalent groups, so choice making is not well-suited to be as simple as though the size were five, seven or nine. As groups get bigger stalemates are more improbable yet at the same time can be troublesome. On the off chance that a group settles on choices by voting it can embrace a method for tie-breaking. As the size of a group increases, the number of possible person-to-person links (L) increases rapidly as the size of the group (N) increases (L = (N ² N) /2). In a four-member group there are six possible pairings; add a fifth member for each of the four to relate to and you have ten pairs. Requirement for initiative gets to be more self-evident. Certain things must be finished a gathering to shape and proceed with: individuals must be inspired to meet up and participate; objectives must be set; assignments appointed, booked, and completed; issues comprehended. A couple of individuals who believe one another and offer an essential reason can at times do the greater part of that in an unconstrained and equalitarian way. Substantial gatherings quite often rely on upon perceived pioneers to oversee operations. Assorted qualities build, giving more assets to critical thinking however hindering correspondence and collaboration and making accord harder to reach. Bureaucratic methodology has a tendency to grow, for example, allotting distinctive assignments to diverse subgroups and embracing standard methods. Much economic activity for example farming, mining, production, sales and others are carried out by small groups, each of whose members work together under the supervision of a first-line manager. They usually operate manually using their staff or workers. Manufacturing industries are categories under large groups of organization. They use big machines to build up their products, for example production of cars. When the demand is high from the customers, they don’t have enough time to build the cars one by one, so they need machine to help them. Same goes to highway construction, they need the heavy machine to construct the highway and the workers needed are many. TASK 2(A) The two projects that can enhance economy of the country are highway projects and housing projects which both of this fall under construction industry.   TASK 2(B) The construction industry is a real investment in the economy either in civil engineering construction, non-residential or residential. It is considered as a component of a strategy to promote aggregate demand for building and industrial sectors. The volume of investments varies depending on the policy of stability through the decision to reduce or increase spending on social services. In Malaysia, the sector of the construction industry is one sector of the economy the main countries. In the next 20 years, its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is in the range of 3-6% per annum. In the same period, the construction industry has recorded impressive growth rates of double-digit growth for eight years from 1989 to 1996. Highway transportation is the method for subtle element circulation between homes, shops, and others. It is just the streets which can convey merchandise from and to aerodromes, harbors and rail route stations. Considering the utility of streets anyplace in the distinctive parts of a nation, they can be rightly contrasted with corridors in a human body generally as supply routes keep up mans wellbeing by giving flow of blood; likewise streets advance countrys riches by keeping its kin and merchandise moving. Hence, we see that advance and prosperity of a country depends much on streets. Actually, streets are the life lines of countrys economy. Housing is one of the basic requirements for ensuring the well-being of the people is protected. The construction sector also contributed to economic growth that has direct relevance to other sectors, including the services sector and the manufacturing sector of building materials. In fulfilling this requirement, such factors as the ability of buyers, development costs and selling prices always affect the demand and supply of housing. Based on the current state of affairs, housing construction is largely concentrated in urban and suburban areas densely populated with potential buyers was high and the housing market is more widespread. TASK 3(A) Economics policy-makers are have two kinds of tools to influence a country’s economy: fiscal policy and monetary policy. TASK 3(B) Monetary policy and fiscal policy allude to the two most broadly perceived tool used to impact a countrys monetary action. Monetary policy is principally concerned with the administration of premium rates and the aggregate supply of cash available for use and is for the most part done by national banks, for example, the Federal Reserve. Fiscal policy is the aggregate term for the saddling and spending activities of governments. Monetary policy National banks have commonly utilized monetary policy to either empower an economy into speedier development or back off development over reasons for alarm of issues like swelling. The hypothesis is that, by incentivizing people and organizations to acquire and burn through, monetary policy will bring about the economy to become quicker than typical. Alternately, by limiting spending and incentivizing reserve funds, the economy will become less rapidly than ordinary. Fiscal policy Fiscal policy devices are various and fervently among market analysts and political eyewitnesses. As a rule, the point of most government fiscal strategies is to focus on the aggregate level of spending, the aggregate structure of spending, or both in an economy. The two most broadly utilized method for influencing fiscal policy are changes in the part of government spending or in assessment policy. Fiscal policy Monetary policy Principle: Manipulating the level of aggregate demand in the economy to achieve economic objectives of price stability, full employment, and economic growth. Manipulating the supply of money to influence outcomes like economic growth, inflation, exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment. Definition: Fiscal policy is the use of government expenditure and revenue collection to influence the economy. The process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money. Policy tools: Taxes; amount of government spending Interest rate; reserve requirements, currency peg, discount window Policy-maker: government Central bank TASK 3(C) The government plays an important role in the construction industry of every country. The involvement of the public sector has such major effects for the competence of the industry that the matters need to be measured in some detail. With the amount of the government’s involvement is not same in all countries, the general principle are alike. The scarcity of land in many countries and growing burdens on it from various types of uses have made it necessary for its use to be efficient and controlled everywhere. At the same time, due to the accordingly high density of development in most urban centers, it is necessary for regulations to be expressed and enforced to safeguard public health and safety. Hence, there is need for actual physical planning laws, building regulations and construction codes. In many countries, and at various eras, construction items are attractive as a form of asset. Governments attempt to protect the interests of end purchases with relevant laws and controls with regard to the operations of developers and the items they produce. To avoid the harmful effects of speculation, government have, on incident, had to interfere in the market for existing and new construction item with relevant legist ration or regulations.

AP Us History DBQ

American expansionism in the late 19th century and early 20th century was, to a large extent, a continuation of past United States expansionism, while also departing with previous expansionism in some aspects. During the period of time between the late 19th century and early 20th century, America was going through significant changes. After a revolution in Cuba against the Spanish, as well as the Americans starting the Spanish-American War, the Americans received several territorial concessions from their defeated opponent.Thus, America started on the path to imperialism, gaining several more territories in a short amount of time. Such an expansion in the late 19th century and early 20th century was mostly a continuation of past United States expansionism, such as that in the West after the Louisiana Purchase and Mexican-American War. However, the new Imperialism was different from expansionism in other aspects, such as how America acquired the new territory and where it was located. Overall, United States expansion in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was very similar to previous expansion, only departing from it by a very small margin.In the early 19th century, the Louisiana Purchase was made between the United States and France, in which a large amount of French territory west of the Mississippi River was bought by the U. S. A few decades later, the Mexican-American War was fought between the U. S. and Mexico. By the end of the war and Mexico’s defeat, the U. S. acquired even more land to the west, including a lot of land along the Pacific coast. The continental borders of the U. S. were essentially the same as they are now in modern day. In both cases, the concept of â€Å"Manifest Destiny† played a very important role.Individuals attributed expansion with the idea that America was spreading its influence and culture to less fortunate peoples. Josiah Strong wrote about such a concept in his piece, Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, stating that further Anglo-Saxon expansion was inevitable and would extend into all parts of the world. As the U. S. entered the era of imperialism, some opposed the concession of Pacific territories to the U. S. , notably the Philippines. In response, some politicians decided to address such feelings, one of them being Senator Albert J. Beveridge.In a speech to Congress, he expressed a view supporting the idea of Manifest Destiny and based upon that, argued that territory obtained by the U. S. in the Philippines should not be refused. From its differences with previous western expansion, some didn’t really see a reason for the U. S. to become an imperialist country. Though it could be viewed as a way for America to expand social and cultural influence, certain individuals viewed it with much contempt. Cartoonist Thomas Nast expressed certain conflicting ideas with his cartoon, â€Å"The World’s Plunderers† in Harper’s Weekly.By depicting German, British, and Russian imperialists taking part in the possession of territory around the world, he seemed to see imperialism as a competition between countries to gain both land and power. Thus, it is implied that if America were to get involved with such acts, it would be to compete with other countries rather than to benefit themselves or others. Another view is presented with Josiah Strong’s work, which both associated expansion with Manifest Destiny but also declared it to be a competition between rivaling countries, a â€Å"survival of the fittest† between different races.An avid supporter of American imperialism, naval strategist Alfred T. Mahan summarized his views in The Interest of America in Sea Power. He saw expansion as a sort of competition, and in order for the U. S. to stay at equal footing with world powers such as Germany and Japan, they needed to expand their influence into the Pacific. Only then, as is mentioned, would the U. S. be able to res pond to other nations with its great sea power. In comparison with previous western expansion, was imperialism justifiably correct? There are reasons for it to be considered both a moral and immoral thing to do.As America entered the age of imperialist expansion, certain groups were highly opposed to the policy, especially members of the American Anti-Imperialist League. In their platform, imperialism is shown to go against traditional American values, betraying certain major documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution for its violation of individuals’ freedoms ( specifically people living in the territories acquired by the U. S. ). Problems were also being presented by this form of expansion, as determined in the Supreme Court Case of Downes v.Bidwell, which identified that granting citizenship to inhabitants of territories outside the continental U. S. was much more difficult than doing so for those within the borders. However bad it may have seem ed, there was still some support for an imperialist policy. Theodore Roosevelt supported it, stating that it wasn’t a result of a hunger for land and resources, but a desire to help less fortunate peoples and bring stability and prosperity to their societies. Others also viewed America’s â€Å"Open Door† policies in China to be beneficial for not just the U. S. and China, but for other nations as well.From the early 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, America expanded from a small group of colonies into much of North America and even into the Pacific. In acquiring territory west of the Mississippi River and gaining territorial concessions from the Mexican-American and Spanish-American Wars, America has been able to identify itself not just as an expansionist country, but as an imperialist one as well. Both concepts differ from each other to some extent (how the territory was gained, where the new territory was located), but for the most part the t wo periods are very similar to each other.

Supply and Demand Aggregate - 956 Words

Supply and Demand Economic Critique Rachel Middlebrook ECO/372 February 4, 2014 Rick Pretzsch Supply and Demand Economic Critique The United States economy is determined by a number of factors, such as; gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment rates, consumer income, and interest rates. Everything the U.S. produces is measured by the GDP. When the GDP turns negative, the economy can enter a recession. If this negative GDP continues for years the country is considered in a depression. Supply and demand are the forces drive the U.S. economy. Supply includes employment and natural resources such as oil. Demand, or personal consumption, drives 70% of the economy. The current spiral of the United States economy can be attributed†¦show more content†¦The Consumer Confidence Index is watched by stock market analysts and investors to get an idea of whether consumer spending will continue to drive the economy. The U.S. is also facing income inequality, one-quarter of Americans make less than $10 per hour, and this is income below poverty level. Many lower wage workers receive no health insurance, pension plans, no sick or vacation days. Recent government tax policies have helped rich investors more than the low wage earners. Technology and outsourcing has increased inequality. Emerging markets of other countries are seeing increases in their income as they become more competitive in the global marketplace. Overseas work forces are becoming more skilled and sophisticated in managing their economy; as a result, wealth is shifting to those countries. Interest rates control the flow of money in the economy. High interest rates curb inflation, but also slow down the economy. Lower interest rates stimulate the economy, but could lead to inflation. Americans must know whether rates are increasing or decreasing, and what other economic indicators are saying. The target interest rate, or short-term interest rate is controlled by the Federal Reserve. Long-term interest rates are market driven. The global average interest rate for long-term debt is the result of global demand for credit compared to global supply of saving. It doesn’t seem clear if the country is still rising from itsShow MoreRelatedAggregate Demand And Aggregate Supply1732 Words   |  7 PagesAs the concept of supply and demand play a big role in microeconomics, aggregate demand and aggregate supply are of much relevance to economics on the larger scale. In order to truly understand aggregate demand and aggregate supply, we have to uncover what they mean and their effect on the economy. To begin with, the first part to aggregate demand and supply is aggregate demand. Aggregate demand is a curve that shows how much of the nation s output (or real GDP) in total that buyers want to purchaseRead MoreAggregate Demand And Aggregate Supply1154 Words   |  5 Pageswork was in the domain of aggregate demand and aggregate supply: the long run and the short run, recessionary and inflationary gaps and long-run economic equilibrium, determining the level of consumption and aggregate expenditures and aggregate demand. I have been able to retain that aggregate demand is the total quantity of goods and services that a household, foreign buyers, and governments will buy at a given price level. A shift to the left of the aggregate demand indicates a fall in price,Read MoreAggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply911 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 11. For each of following events, explain the short-run and the long-run effects on the output and the price level, assuming policymakers take no action. 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As aggregate demand increases, the price will also likely increase in the short-term, at least until aggregate supply and demand regulate themselvesRead MoreAggregate Demand and Supply Paper1955 Words   |  8 PagesAggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique Ken Drake, ECO 372 Macroeconomics September 10, 2012 Jason Foster Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique In the United States the economy is currently in a recession, although signs are indicating that the economy is slowly recovering. In an effort to analyze the Unites States economy the unemployment rate, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates have been evaluated. The results of these evaluations are includedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Aggregate Demand And The Aggregate Supply Model Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesThe aggregate demand and the aggregate supply model is a macroeconomics model that explains price level and real output through the relationship of aggregate demand and supply. 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