Pelican Facts

Pelican Facts There are eight living types of pelicans (Pelecanus species) on our planet, which are all water feathered creatures and water carnivores that feed on live fish in beach front areas as well as inside lakes and streams. The most widely recognized in the United States are the earthy colored pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) and the Great White (P. anocratalus). Pelicans are individuals from Pelecaniformes, a gathering of winged creatures that likewise incorporates the blue-footed booby, tropicbirds, cormorants, gannets, and the extraordinary frigate flying creature. Pelicans and their family members have webbed feet and are all around adjusted to getting fish, their essential food source. Numerous species jump or swim submerged to catch their prey. Quick Facts: Pelicans Logical Name: Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, P. occidentalis, P. thagus, P. onocrotalu, P. conspicullatus, P. rufescens, P. crispus, and P.philippensisCommon Names: American white pelican, earthy colored pelican, Peruvian pelican, incredible white pelican, Australian pelican, pink-upheld pelican, Dalmatian pelican and spot-charged pelicanBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: Length: 4.3â€6.2 feet; wingspan: 6.6-11.2 feetWeight: 8â€26 poundsLifespan: 15â€25 years in the wildDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Found on all landmasses aside from Antarctica, close to coastlines or enormous inland waterwaysPopulation: Estimates just accessible for two close compromised species: Spot-charged, (8700â€12,000) and Dalmation (11,400â€13,400)Conservation Status: Dalmatian, spot-charged, and Peruvian pelicans are classed as Near-Threatened; every single other specie are Least Concern Portrayal All pelicans have two webbed feet with four toes, which are all associated by the web (known as the totipalmate foot). Every one of them have huge bills with a conspicuous gular pocket (throat pocket) which they use for getting fish and depleting water. Gular sacs are additionally utilized for mating presentations and controlling internal heat level. Pelicans have enormous wingspans-some more than 11 feet-and are experts noticeable all around and on the water.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/V3TlvjXNa03EOaz8nivtmbEGseQ=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NnZS3cO23-y-F7MScYOKN5FLXPk=/1068x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg 1068w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/OTQI5rg9p6Dg0r0RYDs8EcSL_RA=/1836x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg 1836w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/vTt9wkx66EfuCuOXzrMQCCkivPg=/3373x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg 3373w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hLIs6MBPmOQKTEfWM2NivtBwMPA=/3373x2249/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/nom-nom-nom-673262438-6e7dc9727aa84cd5960b9d07929ff5d3.jpg src=//:0 alt=Great White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-6 information following container=true /> An extraordinary white pelican utilizes its gular pocket to catch a fish. Michael Allen Siebold/Getty Images Environment and Distributionâ Pelicans are found on the entirety of the mainlands of the world with the exception of Antarctica. DNA contemplates have indicated that pelicans can be assembled into three branches: Old World (spot-charged, pink-upheld, and Australian pelicans), New World (earthy colored, American White, and Peruvian); and the Great White. The American white is confined to inside pieces of Canada; the earthy colored pelican is found along the western coast and Florida shorelines of the United States and northern South America. The Peruvian pelican sticks to the Pacific coastlines of Peru and Chile. They are fish eaters that flourish close to streams, lakes, deltas, and estuaries; some are limited to waterfront locales while others run close to enormous inside lakes.â Diet and Behaviorâ All pelicans eat fish, and they chase for them independently or in gatherings. They gather up fish in their noses and afterward channel the water from their pockets before gulping their prey-which is when gulls and terns endeavor to take the fish from their mouths. They can likewise jump into the water at extraordinary speed to catch their prey. A portion of the pelicans move huge separations, others are generally sedentary.â Pelicans are social animals who home in provinces, some of the time upwards of thousands of sets. The biggest of the species-the biggest ones, Great White, American White, Australian, and Dalmation-construct settles on the ground while the littler ones home in trees or bushes or on precipice edges. The homes differ in size and complexity.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Nd469FnJxnu2zajm3F7-vIcrX1A=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-jumping for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/yUCXFS6J2SREEtBlj0brudYKuQA=/1473x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-plunging for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg 1473w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/m6P91i_ObWHhpTxfBCZzdINUpRI=/2646x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-jumping for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg 2646w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/EkQ5tRkXNXDFTqKuy2eQav30ViE=/4993x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-plunging for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg 4993w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/q5-A7xdGHyKincR_wzEEw7T_VxQ=/4993x3328/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pelicans-jumping for-fish-96708534-a4dd68e86c644bb8bf223396dde9136f.jpg src=//:0 alt=Pelicans Diving for fish class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-17 information following container=true /> Pelicans Diving for fish. Jean-Yves Bruel/Getty Images Proliferation and Offspringâ Pelican rearing timetables shift with the species. Reproducing may happen every year or at regular intervals; some happen in explicit seasons or happen all year. The eggs change in tinge by species from powdery white to ruddy to light green or blue. Mother pelicans lay eggs in grips that fluctuate with the species, from one to six on the double; and the eggs hatch for a period somewhere in the range of 24 and 57 days.â The two guardians play a job in taking care of and tending the chicks, taking care of them spewed fish. Huge numbers of the species have post-juvenile consideration that can keep going up to year and a half. Pelicans take somewhere in the range of three and five years to arrive at sexual maturity.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xL8Dd6V6Et9tcKmQNloH6FkKMZQ=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-upheld pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/vBC9Vp3XeD4BNKYNnE74PeM_vfs=/1509x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-supported pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg 1509w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3R6PErQcT_9atYR4HW6_po3XXhc=/2718x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-sponsored pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg 2718w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/iXRT3ZRyMq92QVpIWx0zSxXAqdg=/5138x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-sponsored pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg 5138w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/6dBD4rjueI-7ac2d081qDFohjIY=/5138x3425/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pink-upheld pelicanpelecanus-rufescenslandingokavango-deltabotswana-83372089-9bfac3c06e6e446ebe8cef0575b6fd44.jpg src=//:0 alt=Pink-upheld Pelicans (Pelecanus rufescens) landing, Okavango Delta, Botswana class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-23 information following container=true /> Pink-upheld Pelican (Pelecanus rufescens) can be found in Okavango Delta, Botswana. Dave Hamman/Getty Images Protection Statusâ The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) considers most pelican types of least concern. Populace gauges are accessible for two close compromised species: In 2018, the spot-charged pelican was evaluated by the IUCN as somewhere in the range of 8700 and 12,000 people), and the Dalmatian pelican at between 11,400 and13,400. Presently, the American white and Peruvian are known to be expanding in populace while the spot-charged and Dalmatian are diminishing, and the Australian and pink-upheld are steady. The Great White Pelican has not been checked as of late. Albeit earthy colored pelicans were recorded as jeopardized during the 1970s and 1980s in light of pesticides that had entered their natural pecking orders, the populaces have recuperated and they are not, at this point thought about imperiled. Developmental History The eight living pelicans have a place with the request Pelecaniformes. Individuals from the Order Pelecaniformes incorporate pelicans, tropicbirds, boobies, darters, gannets, cormorants, and frigate feathered creatures. There are six families and around 65 species in the Order Pelecaniformes. Early Pelecaniformes showed up during the finish of the Cretaceous time frame. There is some contention whether Pelecaniformes all offer regular drop. Ongoing investigations propose that some common attributes among the different pelecaniform subgroups are the aftereffect of concurrent development. Sources Earthy colored pelican. National Wildlife Federation, Wildlife Guide, Birds.Pelicans. IUCN Red List. Kennedy, Martyn, Hamish G. Spencer, and Russell D.

Psychiatry, self harm risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychiatry, self damage chance - Essay Example ose to cut their wrists or plan something comparable for facilitate their agony or even to feel invigorated by detecting the torment, or they decide to extreme and deadly alternative to end it all. One of such a large number of instances of self mischief individuals cause to themselves is of a multi year old individual, Mr. A, who has Downs disorder and whose working showed insight in the scope of mellow impediment. He lived with a strong family and went to a professional program. He had not history of smoking, nor did he get any abnormal drugs. So also, he hasnt experienced any strange clinical methodology or any medical procedures, and his clinical history was extremely conventional. In the beginning times of his immaturity, he drew nearer non-handicapped young ladies for dates and was consistently dismissed. Accordingly, he offered self-destructive expressions and signals, one of which was to consume himself with a cigarette lighter he took from his mom without her insight. At 26 years old, in the wake of being dismissed by and by, he hopped from a second story window, yet wasnt harmed seriously. His family detailed that he experienced been unsettled and experiencing issues to rest in the months past to the episode, and staff at the professional program revealed disturbance and ineffectiveness at work. He was sent to a mental assessment. In his apperception test, he portrayed sentiments of trouble, tiredness, disappointment and sadness, with considerations of self destruction. He was alluded to mental assessment, and began psychotherapy meetings, in which he verbalized his conviction that he wouldnt have the option to have a relationship with a lady of his decision because of his having Downs disorder. He took a crack at social projects for individuals with mental impediment and hasnt made any longer self destruction endeavors since. 1 Ive seen him around four months prior, in December 24th at a professional program to which he despite everything goes. Hes been going to it for almost 10 years now, and reports that hes exceptionally content with it since it gives him apparatuses on the best way to deal with his life and capacity

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Definition Of A Neutral Question - 1633 Words

There is no such thing as a neutral question. Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge. In order to evaluate this statement, we must clearly understand what is a neutral question. A definition of a neutral question can be: A question asked in such a way that it does not imply personal opinion or bias. I assume that a true question has to be neutral. If a question reveals to be non-neutral, the objectivity that defines a question doesn’t exist anymore. It becomes a statement or a judgement with a question make-up. To develop the evaluation of this statement, we have to figure out what are the conditions for a question to be neutral. The point of a question is to request knowledge or information; it gives control over the direction taken to fill in the request. One could argue that the initial choice of what question is asked, in itself, is a form of bias and on those grounds, neutrality is impossible any time there is a question. 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The Unexposed Secret of College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples

The Unexposed Secret of College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples There are plenty of sources from where it is possible to gather information on your subjects but be sure that you always go with facts. You should research the selected topic and discover facts to contradict your first thesis. By doing this you can find a far better pictures of the essay which you ought to write about. On the 1 hand, it's possible to divide the compared subjects and go over the descriptive details in separated paragraphs. Before you begin, it is essential to choose topics which you really know well. In the majority of instances, the topics you select should be closely related. The topics you'll find here require an exceptional approach as you attempt to think of useful and accurate content. Lucky for you, there are several topics you could concentrate on when writing and it's all your responsibility to figure out the precise topic that you would like to build on. School is mandatory and absolutely free of charge. Students may choose to take just a couple of semesters to acquire a certificate in a particular field like nursing, welding, or surgical technology. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. They can typically understand the structure with just a short amount of instruction. The Downside Risk of College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples The very first thing you ought to do is identify the form of compare and contrast essay which you're handling. There are a couple things that help make a superior comparison and contrast essay. To begin with, you must discover a basis of comparison to be sure the 2 things have enough in common. There are two common methods to compose the composition. When making comparisons or contrasts, it's vital to be clear what criteria you're using. If you'll write a comparative essay, you will need to get a notion of the impacts of unique aspects to the result which you can get at the conclusion of the writing activity. When you receive the title and aspects to compare but without a definite number of criteria to cover similarities and differences, you've got to brainstorm. When you begin brainstorming and researching the subject, the odds are high you'll discover a wide collection of differences and similarities. Discuss famous folks who have an influence on the life of humanity. The majority of the folks discover that it's tricky to differentiate a frog from a toad. For example an individual may select a topic like, life in the shoes of a werewolf. Therefore, without the suitable guidance, young women and men wind up destroying their fruitful lives. College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. After you have read our helpful on-line article, we'd like to provide something you couldn't even imagine. The choice of the topic ought to be based on your interest because it's essential that you maintain your interest throughout the technology essays writing. On-line assistance from expert writers will help you save you a plenty of time. The Appeal of College Compare and Contrast Essay Samples There are lots more ways, however, in which high school and college are extremely different. High school and college are alike in a lot of ways. On the other hand, it is a choice. Community colleges are way more affordable. Before writing a comparative essay, you should first arm yourself with the data that you want. Writing tips will allow you to organize the outline and compose the essay. When it has to do with writing an essay, you should pay attention to details. Writing an excellent essay might be a bit o f cake if you're feeling inspired. You also know how to come across sources and the very best kind to utilize in your paper to ensure it is relevant and interesting. The movie is a blend of interviews, archive footage. Compare and contrast essay is widely utilized in many different types of writing assignments. Don't make your paper biased. If you don't, read how to compose a compare and contrast essay. A compare and contrast essay is supposed to demonstrate the reader the similarities between at least two subjects.

The Throw-Away Society Free Essays

The throw-away society From lumpish walkman to handy ipod, from family traditional wedding dress to one-time use paper gown, our society witnesses the globally social revolution of throwing away. Quantity replaces quality and hence becomes the buzzword of the new world. But looking forward and in retrospect, do we really should flood in the throw-away fashion upon which our attitude towards man-made things has altered so much? And what on earth do we throw away? When we throw away the no-more-need things and replenish our refrigerators and wardrobes, we throw away resources. We will write a custom essay sample on The Throw-Away Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now No matter they are patches of fabric to make a new scarf or tons of steel to produce new cars, all of them come from the valuable resources of which the stock depletes severely day by day. News and reports broadcast how scarce our natural resources are becoming, but people still throw away. Few of them have realized that the process of throwing away is the exact procedure to turn resources towards garbages. Furthermore, it is also sometimes too obscure to be noticed that throwing away products also incurs throwing away good memories. A doll you had when you were a little girl would always prompt you the innocent and sweet childhood; an umbrella you used for 4 years in the campus would always remind you of the fresh and brisk university life. When all these similar reminders become less and less, that particular period of life would be more likely to be locked somewhere in your mind, not so easy to be touched again any more. Admittedly, the throw-away society gives us so many choices among which we are prone to be less picky but also more emotionless. We seldom keep a dress for 10 years like our mothers do since all the new styles have emerged and we have so many chances to choose a more delicate one. When we discard the old one, we don’t feel a tiny bit mercy; when we welcome the new one, we don’t sense the joy that much either. It’s believed today that the whole world, material or non-material, is formulated this way, easy and convenient; thus we tend to be less reminiscent of the unforgettable birthday party while we were attired with that particular dress. The dress is still the original one, but the connotation of the dress has changed through your life, for it has been a witness to your growth, your maturity, tear and laughter, ups and downs. The longer you keep it, the more it becomes part of yourself. So many people nowadays complain that they are lost somewhere in their life and they feel onfused and puzzled to forge ahead. It’s a paradox that people want to sustain a whole self but still discard part of himself. Living in the throw-away society, what people eventually throw away is the real self, subconsciously and accidentally. It’s a trend that we will continue throwing away, as it seems to be destined. But during this inexorable process, more reflections are bound to elaborat e and expand on it since we all despise to see a world with complete trash but desperate ourselves. How to cite The Throw-Away Society, Papers

Marketing Report BlackBerry

Executive Summary The BlackBerry series of phones are made by the Research in Motion (RIM). The BlackBerry phones target the business and professional people as their features made it possible for the owners to carry out a good number of office function through the devices. The BlackBerry phones have a strong presence in the market, and therefore, they are widely popularly.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Report: BlackBerry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though RIM has been locked in court over infringing a number of patents, its technology is still away ahead of its rivals, and therefore, it still enjoys market popularity. RIM carried out aggressive marketing on behalf of the BlackBerry phones. The pricing of the BlackBerry phones are dependent on the level of technology of a particular BlackBerry phone. In order for RIM to continue enjoying its popularity in the market, it will have to continuously adjust its phone prices in proportion to the value and technology level of the phones. RIM also needs to be at the top of the game in relation to the issues touching phone technology. Introduction There have been many innovative solutions for wireless communications that have been evolving in the recent years. Mobile phones have been considered one of the sectors that have witnessed numerous inventions where state of the art technologies are under constant implementations in the handsets that are manufactured by popular mobile phones manufactures. This paper provides an environmental scan for Research in Motion (RIM) which is the company under which the BlackBerry portfolio falls and its associated services. The paper will define the market structure of BlackBerry and a detailed analysis of the marketing mix or programs and macro-environment trends as well as their effect on the competitive analysis of the product and their demand and market segmentation. Project Scope This project is mainly theoretical and will seek to evaluate the marketing program of BlackBerry. The report examines BlackBerry’s macro and competitive environment, its marketing program elements which it employs and the recommendations which can enhance its popularity. An analysis of the marketing environment of Blackberry based on the five porter’s forces is also included together with the SWOT analysis. The life cycle of the product is also given. A critical response to the Introduction Analysis of Product Brand and Macro-environment Trends Product Brand BlackBerry is one of the mobile phones that have created a phenomenal brand in the mobile phone market. BlackBerry phones are well-known for their sleek look, design and style with other features. With BlackBerry, an individual can access email, data-transfer services and web serving.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I n basic terms, BlackBerry handsets are just camera phones with the various functions that are required and are used by people of business class. Traditionally, it was launched and meant for the high class and the rich people but from its transformation and quality, some phones of BlackBerry brand are available for people of average class (Sweeny, 2009). This has provided tough competition to its business competitors and other established players in the market. Players like Nokia, Sony Erickson and Motorola have developed better quality devices, but they have not reached or matched the feat of BlackBerry. There are various types of BlackBerry phone models that have been introduced into the market. BlackBerry 7130G and BlackBerry pearl 8100 are the best and the most selling BlackBerry models in the international mobile phones’ market. The introduction of camera phones has been in high demand in the United Kingdom market. BlackBerry was considered as a business phone and its int roduction into the global market in 1999 confirmed this expectation because it built a strong presence in the mobile phone industry within the short period of time. The success of BlackBerry was attributed to three main features: Technology looks and innovativeness and a lot of attention have been placed to strengthen these factors which have led to the launch of revolutionary mobile phone devices that attract the rich and the high-class segment of the population (Dictionary, 2012, p. 1). Macro-environment Trends (Pestel Analysis) Economic Environment: there has been varied opinion as to whether the UK has emerged from the economic recession but the fact that the world stock markets have improved and that the earnings of many companies have improved are indications that the economy is growing. This will be reflected in the markets share and the sales of BlackBerry phones (Scribd, 2011, p. 6). Social Environment: this includes the greening of technology, security threats and educatio n level of the workforce. The pressure to create eco-friendly products has been both a legal and social issue, and it is likely to heighten due to consumer awareness on environmental pressures.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Report: BlackBerry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lobby groups have stressed the role of electronic companies to clean up their acts due to the toxic nature of their components. On security threats, viruses and others malicious files and spy ware have a lot of social impact. Cyber criminals have taken advantage of the lee way that has been created by technological developments of BlackBerry. Consequently, regarding the education of the workforce, UK has higher transition of students from elementary and secondary education into tertiary and higher education. This has the net effect of creating a more educated workforce and also because smart phone customers are the educated clas s, the market of the product is likely to increase (Sweeny, 2009, p. 4). Technological Environment: Among the technological factors to be analyzed are mobile convergence, mobile payment technologies, the internet on the go and the diminishing of non-smart phones. Mobile phones are slowly growing as gadgets of electronic needs, and they are replacing newspapers and television since people are able to access information anytime. Non-smart phones are slowly and naturally getting out of market; they will be phased out completely by the mass introduction of smart phones. The internet on the norm is becoming a norm in BlackBerry, and it is projected to increase in the near years. It is projected that the number of mobile phones that will be used to access the internet will exceed the PCs. There have been also a lot of debates regarding the destination and the trend taken by mobile phones money payment, others have projected that it will grow steadily while others are skeptical. The conven ience of using mobile phones to purchasing goods, paying bills and purchasing of digital items represents the new age of mobile convenience (Bikowski, Bryant, Crossin, Dillon, Giles, Lawson, McConville, 2009, p. 9). Environmental Aspect: Environmental aspect has a lot of impact on the mobile phone industry because manufacturers have to comply with various environmental standards. RIM has in several cases ensured that their manufacturing is fair and eco friendly because any environmental mishap can destroy the image of the company in the global market. Legal Issues: The operations of the company are secure, and it is very difficult to monitor or regulate, and this has made various regulatory bodies to contemplate banning its operations, which will impact on its business operations. Rim is also experiencing legal battles with various companies like Visto, and Motorola and these have had implications on the operations of the company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More RIM has also been locked in court battle with Minerva industries, which has accused it of infringing on its patent; MSTG has also filed a case of the same nature. All these have impacted on the performance of the company since settling legal issues is expensive. Political Climate: The political environment in the UK has made the Smartphone industry to flourish, and BlackBerry is a beneficiary of this favorable political environment, and it is estimated that smart phones will overtake the feature phones by 2015. The main challenge is the situation where some countries have raised concerns about the security features of BlackBerry, which emerges from the fact that it has become very hard for government authorities to monitor operations of BlackBerry phone users. There is also the political concern where UK with other EU countries has imposed strong regulations regarding the hygiene and the safety standards for various manufacturers who have negatively impacted on the operations of RIM (Scribd, 2012, p. 1). Perceptual Map Perceptual map is a demonstration of attributes that influence the consumer decision making which are later considered as focal points when designing the product or in the making of advertising decisions. Perceptual map indicates the strength of the firm’s brand and the features of the mobile phone that make it score and gain preference in the mind of consumers. The perceptual market map of BlackBerry phone (Mohr, Sengupta, Slater, 2009, p. 255) is as demonstrated below: Competitive Environment The established competitors in the Smartphone market include apple, Samsung, Motorola, Nokia and LG. The competitive environment of Blackberry is an intense one because of its launch of new products and new brands from the already established ones. What enhances the competitiveness of blackberry form its competitors is its development of black messenger that allows all the users with Blackberry to message each other all over the world without any charge. Rapid advertisements are also another strategy that allows Blackberry to survive in the very competitive environment hence giving it commercial advantage. A reflection on Loop 1 Marketing Programs or Elements: Marketing mix Elements Employed Marketing mix is a term that is used to describe all set of activities that make up the marketing programs of a firm. Among the various elements of a marketing mix are: place, product, people, process, physical evidence, promotion and price. Marketing mix is also considered to be the tools that are used to position the product into the target market. Product The RIM has brought a revolution into the mobile phone markets through the introduction of BlackBerry Smartphone. This was aimed at enhancing the depth of their products through the introduction of BlackBerry into their product line by creating a multimedia device that can satisfy the needs of their consumers. By enhancing the features of a Smartphone and the ultimate redesigning of BlackBerry, it is projected that it will attract a lot of customers and to dominate the mobile phone global market. Customer decisions are based on the understanding of the product in the market; product offering is not the only thing but is considered as a total package of benefits that are obtained by customers. The product is analyzed from the perspective of customer value, which is in turn analyzed based on the following aspect of BlackBerry mobile phones: their physical product and shape, the design style of the mobile phone, its brand name, the reputation of the company, convenience of the company’s operation and its financial plans. The analysis of the product under marketing mix deals with the design, features, packaging, variation and brand quality and quantity. For a product to occupy a distinct place in the market, it should differentiate itself from that of its competitors. This can only be achieved by positioning the product in such a manner that the customers c an be able to perceive the product differently. Any element of the marketing mix can be used to realize a differentiated positioning. The RIM entity sells their products to the entire customers, but their distribution options may vary based on the market segment (OECD, 1997, p.12). Price Price is understood to be the value of money that is attached to particular product. It is through price the consumers can get to understand about the value of the product, its quality and status. The degree of price is determined by either demand or cost. The reference point of the pricing of BlackBerry will be pegged on that of its competitors. For those consumers who desire satellite services; there will be a predetermined additional charge that will be added. Price factors in all the relevant costs of producing the product form the factory to the distributor and then the profit margin in included. Price is the sole determinant of demand of goods. Place Place is marketing program that touches on the channels of marketing, which are the mechanism with which the companies venture into the market and expose their physical presences in commercial activities regarding the mobile phone products. Distribution of the product into the market can be both direct and indirect. Middlemen or third parties are considered reliable for distribution of the products and the best way of having them is to contract them. Distribution is the main channel of actualizing product availability in the market. BlackBerry products can be distributed through their dealers, global service carriers, BlackBerry promotional websites and agents. Promotion RIM communicates the utilities and the benefits of BlackBerry to its consumers by the use of tailored advertisement campaigns, viral marketing, internet marketing, offering exclusive offers to current and prospective customers and using social media channels (Gowda, Szabo, Choi, Hauk Salt, 2009, p. 9). Process This is the primary element of marketing that i s instrumental in the allocation of resources, identification of opportunities and crafting of development strategies. RIM has proper mechanism that facilitates the handling of complaints and identifying the customer needs. The RIM Company has a well-planned process that defines how the customers receive their services and access the goods and for feedback mechanisms. Physical Evidence Research in Motion has opted to provide offers to elicit excitement form the customers about the BlackBerry product; RIM also guarantees warranty and has provisions for after-sale services as a show of support and care for their products and the customers. This will also make the customers to develop a better picture about the RIM products. People Research in Motion trains its employees on tactics of being customer centered to enable them to build good attitudes when dealing with the customers. They also employ people form the host country because they know the habits and the preferences of the native customers (Lamb Hair, 2009, p.47). SWOT Analysis Strengths Blackberry has managed to keep the UK consumers to be conscious about their products. Their strength is due to their market share that exclusively comes form the business world and other IT professionals. From an IT perspective, no competitor has managed to emulate the Blackberry Enterprise server that is only excusive to the Blackberry phone. Blackberry has attempted to garner an expansive market by upgrading the looks and the appeal of their products to attract more customers. Weaknesses RIM depends on business operators to launch its Blackberry services, this is time consuming and the costs can be high for smaller operators. Their Network operating centre can be considered to be a weakness today. Another weakness is also the high costs of ownership since it has been considered to be high end product and hence costs effective. Opportunities One of the greatest opportunities lies in the Blackberry partners that help creat e downloadable applications form independent company. Blackberry had been slow in venturing this market which had been dominated by Apples iPhone and by embracing this it will be able top embrace the widely growing market. Threats With the production of Smartphone by other electronic manufacturers like Nokia, LG and Samsung, Blackberry is facing a lot of threats particularly due to its weakness the web interface (Lion Green, 2006, p. 2). Porters Five Forces Threat of entry: among the threats of entry is huge capital demand like manufacturing costs and the constants for rapid innovations and high costs that may be aimed to driving profits high. Supplier power: there are various sources of mobile operating system providers and hence plenty of options. This has the effect of lowering the bargaining power of software providers. The same scenario applies to the hardware providers. Substitute: the influence of substitute is a reasonable level and proportionally varies with similar goods. Other formidable substitutes are PDA and table PCs are viable substitute. Buyer power: there is a high bargaining power of the buyers due to the choice of the products with limited differentiation. There is also an elastic demand which is sensitive to the economy where buyers can delay the buying of new models. Rivalry: there is a high rivalry in the smart phone market because there is minimal product differentiation which is only based on the services offered and the applications. The exit barriers are low for manufacturers particularly those on the value chain. Complements: complements are considered to be critical to the development of a product and have a low or rather moderate bargaining power. This can be subsidized by increasing the network capabilities. Its complements are Maps and GPS, applications and e-mail (Lion Green, 2006, p. 1). Product Life Cycle This consists of the five main aspects which included product development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. T his is illustrated in the following chart. In the chart, the red graph is adopted to explain the life cycle of Blackberry. At present, the Blackberry is entered the maturity phase. The introduction phase was carried out in 1997 to 1998. At this time, Blackberry was the only smart phone and therefore it registered a rapid growth as it provided a ready solution to corporate clients. Private users have also joined the client base. Introduction phase can be said to have stretched from 1998 to 2004/2005. RIM registered huge success from 2005 to 2011. Due to the many entrants into the Smartphone arena, Blackberry has been forced to enter the mature stage. General and Justified Recommendations The desire to make sales and derive a lot of profits from it is the primary objective of several firms, and the amount of profits from the revenue base of the organization. Due to the fact that is the main component of marketing mix, companies may be tempted to utilize it in gaining competitive edge over their rivals. Blackberry has applied strategies such as increasing the quality of their products, creating good consumer relationships and performing consumer education regarding their products in order to meet the price demand of its competitors. In the modern competitive environment, the mobile phones’ market has grown to be one of the consumer oriented and one driven by products. With the changing trends in shopping patterns and customer behavior, mobile phone investors, services providers and manufacturers need to place a lot of focus on multi-marketing approach in order to increase their sales and profits. Customers have been fed up with the common and popular mobile phones brands hence there is a need for the players to enhance their technological tactics. In order to enhance their profitability, there is a need for a consumer-oriented marketing strategy that can preempt the marketing strategies of its competitors. In order to successfully increase their profits, RIM, should adopt balance between marketing and pricing. Pricing Strategy Pricing of BlackBerry is one of the delicate matters. It has been established that business owners and executives are reluctant to pay more for a gadget that lacks clear impression of how it will enhance their business. The strategy of pricing is a critical element because it concerns the positioning of the product in the market the level of pricing is dictated by such elements as the phone features, advertisements and channels decisions. An efficient and effective strategy of pricing can emanate from the following processes namely the development of a marketing strategy, undertaking the calculation of costs and making relevant marketing mix decisions. Marketers make the prices of their products in a way that is likely to receive a fair value because price is considered a parameter under which the customers rate the product, and it can be also used to reflect on the practices of particular organizations. Care should be taken, and mechanisms of cost should be applied in determining the price of BlackBerry. BlackBerry is a customized product and therefore, has a competitive edge over its rival products because no product can act as its perfect substitute. The better pricing of BlackBerry will create the impression that it is a sophisticated product and different from other mobile phone gadgets (Mobile Beacon, 2011, p. 1). Marketing Strategy Increasing their marketing development strategy encompasses the offering of BlackBerry phones and devices in the market segment where their competitors dominate. This can also be enhanced by co branding using popular and established software companies. There is also need for the introduction of an effective and efficient customer care centre for their green marketing initiative and software matters. There is also the adoption of market development strategy that will enable BlackBerry to reach to other new or potential markets. There is a massive untappe d market for Smartphone particular the lower cadre social class which can be a ready and lucrative market for the RIM thus the introduction of BlackBerry at a cheaper or affordable price or in various price points is considered to be profitable. BlackBerry or RIM should adopt the principle that with the introduction of new models of the phone, the old ones can be sold at discounted prices. There is also need for BlackBerry to, manufacture blackberries that have similar sleek look but with few features so as to increase the depth of their products and to be able to capture the middle-class population and students or teenagers. BlackBerry should also employ market penetration strategy that will increase their revenue base and enable them to attract new customers. This can be realized through enhanced sales promotion and advertisements; they can, for instance, provide their existing customers and especially family members or their children with discount since they can form part of the potential market (Bikowski, Bryant, Crossin, Dillon, Giles, Lawson, McConville, 2009, p. 3). There is a need for BlackBerry to be marketing through the application of Robust marketing strategy that is aimed at increasing the market share of the company. One of the means of increasing the market share is through advertisements by used of newspapers, magazines, business journals and in business news and channels; these advertisements should deliver the nutshell of the exclusive features of BlackBerry while excluding the pricing to avoid the mental set among customers that it is expensive. For the company to increase its market size and profitability, good marketing strategies and marketing planning are essential. It is important for Research in Motion to write down a perfect marketing plan while examining the business environment. A good marketing plan should contain current and potential marketing focal points to exploit (Silk, 2006, 19). Good marketing strategies endear the products to the market and have the net effect of enhancing the volume of sales. The marketing manager should place a lot of focus on the resources of the organization like costs of production, the brand image, employee capability, available technology and financial resources. Analysis of marketing environment is necessary since they directly affect the organization or might hinder the implementation of the organizations’ marketing plan. This is referred as environmental scanning, and it serves to identify the market threats and the opportunities that are necessary in the designing of the market strategy. In the UK markets, the brand and product name is very important in terms of the brand image, and all that accompany it. In the case of BlackBerry for example, the brand image begins from the technological design of the phones, and the features that the phone has and also its maintenance costs and the safety standard as well as the way it is presented in advertisement and sales promo tions (Lamb Hair, 2009, p.34). Appendix Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2011/aug/01/smartphone-stats-2011) Figure 4 Figure 5 References Bikowski, A., Bryant, S., Crossin, S., Dillon, J., Giles, K., Lawson, T McConville, D 2009, Research In Motion: Case Study Report, Zen Portfolios, Available from: http://zenportfolios.com/theresa/files/2009/11/mktg-RIM-case.pdf. [22 January 2012]. Dictionary 2012, BlackBerry Phones: Doing Business in a Style, Street Directory, Available from: http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/131478/BlackBerry/BlackBerry_phones_doing_business_in_a_style.html. [22 January 2012]. Gowda, N., Szabo, C., Choi, Y., Hauk, C Salt, G 2009, BlackBerry’s Rise in Brand Power, Zen Portfolios, Available from: http://zenportfolios.com/natashagowda/files/2009/10/BlackBerry-vs.-Apple-MKTG-1102-Case-1.pdf. [22 January 2012]. Lamb, C Hair, J 2009, Essentials of marketing (6th ed.), South-Western, Mason, OH. Lion, E Green, J 2006, RIM in the mobile enterprise market, BlackBerry, Available from: http://www.blackberry.com/select/get_the_facts/pdfs/vendor/OVUM_RIM_in_the_mobile_enterprise_market.pdf. [22 January 2012]. Mobile Beacon 2011, Why doesn’t RIM pay a dividend to boost share price? Mobile Beacon, Available from: http://mobilebeacon.com/blog/. [22 January 2012]. Mohr, J., Sengupta, S Slater, S 2009, Marketing of High-Technology Products and Innovations, Jakki Mohr publishers, Missoula, MT. Scribd 2011, PESTEL analysis of BlackBerry: Research In Motion limited; BlackBerry, Scribd, Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/52280203/Pest-Analysis-For-Rim. [22 January 2012]. Scribd 2012, Environmental scan: Research in Motion, Scribd, Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/56244269/Term-Paper1-BlackBerry. [22 January 2012]. Silk, A 2006, What is marketing?, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass. Sweeny, A 2009, BlackBerry Planet: the story of Research in Motion and the little device that took the world by storm, John Willy and Sons, New York, NY. This report on Marketing Report: BlackBerry was written and submitted by user Dayton Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.